Read below DK Goel Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 3 Tools for Financial Analysis. These solutions have been designed based on the latest Class 12 DK Goel Accountancy book used by commerce stream students issued for the current year and the questions given in each chapter.

Post issue of financial statements we have to analyze the financial statements that they can be properly understood. there are various types of tools available for financial analysis. In this chapter, the students will understand these tools and how to use them for the analysis of financial statements. this is a very important chapter as this will help them in future when they are self analysing the statements or even if they are appearing in various kind of competitive exams.

The chapter contains a lot of questions which can be very helpful for Class 12 commerce students of Accountancy and will also help build strong concepts which will be really helpful in your career. These solutions are free and will help you to prepare for Class 12 Accountancy. Just scroll down and read through the answers provided below

Tools for Financial Analysis DK Goel Class 12 Accountancy Solutions

Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is meant by Comparative Financial Statements? Explain their objectives.
Solution 1. If figures from financial accounts are put side-by-side for two or more years to allow comparison, they are considered ‘comparative financial statements.’ In such a statement, development numbers, sales from activities, costs, earnings, etc. are set side by side to draw conclusions regarding the company’s profitability and financial wellbeing. It also reveals the direction of transition as well as the enterprise’s high points and weak points.

Question 2. What is Comparative Balance Sheet? How is it prepared?
Solution 2. The balance sheet in a particular year displays only the balance of accounts at a given date, while the comparative balance sheet shows not only the balance of accounts at various times, but also the degree of rise or decline of different balance sheet items.
There are five columns in the form of a comparable balance sheet. The Balance Sheet elements are listed in the first column. The date for the previous year is highlighted in the second column, and the date for the present year is shown in the third column. In terms of rupee numbers, the increases or decreases in absolute data are seen in the fourth section. The fifth column displays the percentage in absolute data of rise or decline.

Question 3. What is Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss? How is it prepared?
Solution 3. The Benefit and Loss Statement indicates the net profit or net loss for the year. The net results over a period of years are indicated by a comparative statement of benefit and loss, such that shifts in absolute data in terms of money as well as figures can be understood. The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.
The type of comparative benefit and loss statement also consists of five columns. Things from the Benefit & Loss statement are shown in the first column. The data for the previous year is displayed in the second column, and the date for the present year is shown in the third column. In terms of rupee numbers, the rise or decrease in absolute data is seen in the fourth column.

Question 4. Give a specimen of Comparative Balance Sheet of a Company for two years for comparison purpose.
Solution 4.

Question 5. Give a specimen of Comparative Statements of Profit & Loss for two years.

Solution 5

Question 6. Take a few imaginary figures and prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit & Loss for two years.

Solution 6

Numerical Questions

Question 1. From the following Balance Sheets of Royal Industries as at 31^st March, 2018 and 2019, prepare a comparative Balance Sheet:

Solution 1:

Working Notes:-
Computation of Percentage Change:-
1.) Changes in Share Capital = Current Share Capital – Previous Share Capital
Changes in Share Capital = Rs. 8,00,000 – Rs .5,00,000
Changes in Share Capital = Rs. 3,00,000

Share Capital = (Changes in Share Capital)/(Base year Capital) × 100
Share Capital = 3,00,000/5,00,000 × 100 = 60%

2.) Changes in Long-term Borrowings = Current Long-term Borrowings – Previous Long-term Borrowings
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = Rs. 8,00,000 – Rs .5,00,000
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = Rs. 3,00,000
Long-term Borrowings = (Changes in Long-term Borrowing)/(Base year Long-term Borrowing) × 100
Long-term Borrowings = 1,00,000/3,00,000 × 100 = 33.33%

Question 2. From the following information, prepare Comparative Balance Sheet of Y Ltd.:

Solution 2

Working Notes:-
Computation of Percentage Change:-
1.) Changes in Share Capital = Current Share Capital – Previous Share Capital
Changes in Share Capital = 25 – 20
Changes in Share Capital = 5
Share Capital = (Changes in Share Capital)/(Base year Capital) × 100
Share Capital = 5/20×100 = 25%

2.) Changes in Reserve and Surplus = Current Reserve and Surplus – Previous Reserve and Surplus
Changes in Reserve and Surplus = 40 – 36
Changes in Reserve and Surplus = 4

Reserve and Surplus = (Changes in Reserve and Surplus)/(Base year Reserve and Surplus) × 100
Reserve and Surplus = 4/36 ×100 = 11.11%

3.) Changes in Long-term Borrowings = Current Long-term Borrowings – Previous Long-term Borrowings
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = 12 – 9
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = 3

Long-term Borrowings = (Changes in Long-term Borrowing)/(Base year Long-term Borrowing) × 100
Long-term Borrowings = 3/9×100 = 33.33%

Question 3. Prepare a Comparative Balance Sheet from the following and interpret it.:

Solution 3

Working Notes:-
Computation of Percentage Change:-
1.) Changes in Share Capital = Current Share Capital – Previous Share Capital
Changes in Share Capital = 375 – 400
Changes in Share Capital = -25
Share Capital = (Changes in Share Capital)/(Base year Capital) × 100
Share Capital = (-25)/400×100 = -6.25%

2.) Changes in Reserve and Surplus = Current Reserve and Surplus – Previous Reserve and Surplus
Changes in Reserve and Surplus = 72 – 60
Changes in Reserve and Surplus = 12
Reserve and Surplus = (Changes in Reserve and Surplus)/(Base year Reserve and Surplus) × 100
Reserve and Surplus = 12/60 ×100 = 20%

3.) Changes in Long-term Borrowings = Current Long-term Borrowings – Previous Long-term Borrowings
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = 150 – 90
Changes in Long-term Borrowings = 60

Long-term Borrowings = (Changes in Long-term Borrowing)/(Base year Long-term Borrowing) × 100
Long-term Borrowings = 60/90×100 = 66.67%

Question 4. Prepare a comparative statement of Profit & Loss from the following data:

Solution 4

Working Notes:-
Computation of Percentage Change:-
1.) Changes in Revenue from Operations = Current Revenue from Operations – Previous Revenue from Operations
Changes in Revenue from Operations = Rs. 15,00,000 – Rs. 18,00,000
Changes in Revenue from Operations = Rs. 3,00,000

Revenue from Operations = (Changes in Revenue from Operations)/(Base Revenue from Operations)×100
Revenue from Operations = 3,00,000/15,00,000 ×100 = 20%

2.) Changes in Total Revenue = Current Total Revenue – Previous Total Revenue
Changes in Total Revenue = Rs. 18,60,000 – Rs. 15,30,000
Changes in Total Revenue = Rs. 3,30,000

Total Revenue = (Changes in Total Revenue)/(Base year Total Revenue)×100
Total Revenue = 3,30,000/15,30,000 ×100 = 21.57%

Question 5. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit & Loss from the following:-

Interest on investments @ Rs. 50,000 each year.
Solution 5

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 6. With the help of the following information prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit & Loss of Gopal Ltd.

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 7. From the following information, prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit & Loss:

Working Notes:-
Computation of Percentage Change:-
1.) Changes in Revenue from Operations = Current Revenue from Operations – Previous Revenue from Operations
Changes in Revenue from Operations = Rs. 80,00,000 – Rs. 60,00,000
Changes in Revenue from Operations = Rs. 20,00,000

Revenue from Operations = (Changes in Revenue from Operations)/(Base Revenue from Operations)×100
Revenue from Operations = 20,00,000/60,00,000 ×100 = 33.33%

2.) Changes in Total Revenue = Current Total Revenue – Previous Total Revenue
Changes in Total Revenue = Rs. 52,80,000 – Rs. 48,42,000
Changes in Total Revenue = Rs. 4,38,000
Total Revenue = (Changes in Total Revenue)/(Base year Total Revenue)×100
Total Revenue = 4,38,000/52,80,000 ×100 = 9.05%

Question 8. From the following Statement of profit and loss of the Sakho Ltd. for the years ended 31st March 2015 and 2016, prepare Comparative Statement of Profit & Loss.

Points for Students:-
The form of comparative statement of profit and loss also consists of five columns. In the first column items of Statement of Profit and loss are shown. In the second column the data for previous year is shown and in the third column the data for current year is shown. In the fourth column the increase or decrease in absolute data is shown in term of rupee amounts. Fifth column shows the increase or decrease in various items in the form of percentages.

Question 9. Prepare a ‘Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss’ from the following information:

Points for Students:-
The form of comparative statement of profit and loss also consists of five columns. In the first column items of Statement of Profit and loss are shown. In the second column the data for previous year is shown and in the third column the data for current year is shown. In the fourth column the increase or decrease in absolute data is shown in term of rupee amounts. Fifth column shows the increase or decrease in various items in the form of percentages.

Question 10. From the following information provided, prepare Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss for the year ended 31st March 2018 and 2017:

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 11. From the following information, prepare Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss:

Working Note:-
Computation of Gross Profit:-
Gross Profit = Revenue from Operations – Cost of Materials Consumed
Gross Profit for the Year of 2014-15 = Rs. 6,00,000 – Rs. 4,50,000
Gross Profit for the Year of 2014-15 = Rs. 1,50,000

Gross Profit for the Year of 2015-16 = Rs. 8,00,000 – Rs. 4,80,000
Gross Profit for the Year of 2015-16 = Rs. 3,20,000

Computation of Other Expenses:-
Other Expenses for the year of 2014-15 = Rs. 1,50,000 × 10%
Other Expenses for the year of 2014-15 = Rs. 15,000
Other Expenses for the year of 2015-16 = Rs. 3,20,000 × 20%
Other Expenses for the year of 2014-15 = Rs. 64,000

Question 12. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss with the help of the following information:

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 13. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following information:

Points for Students:-
The form of comparative statement of profit and loss also consists of five columns. In the first column items of Statement of Profit and loss are shown. In the second column the data for previous year is shown and in the third column the data for current year is shown. In the fourth column the increase or decrease in absolute data is shown in term of rupee amounts. Fifth column show the increase or decrease in various items in the form of percentages.

Question 14. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following information:

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 15. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following:

Point for Students:-
Comparative Statement of profit and loss provides the following information:-
(i) Rate of increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
(ii) Rate of increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
(iii) Rate of increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
(iv) Rate of increase or decrease in net profit.

Question 16. The motto of Yash Ltd. and advertising company is ‘Service with Dignity’. Its management and work force is hard-working, honest and motivated. The net profit of the company doubles during the year ended 31.03,2014. Encourage by its performance company decided to give one month extra salary to all employees. Following is the Comparative Statement of Profit and loss of the company for the year ended 31st March 2013 and 2014.

(a) Calculate Net Profit Ratio for the years ending 31st March, 2013 and 2014.
(b) Identify any two values which Yash Ltd. is trying to propagate.
Solution 16

(b) Values which Yash Ltd. is trying to propagate:-
(i) Workers’ hard work and integrity are recognised.
(ii) The company’s ethical policies.

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 17. From the following information, prepare a Comparative Balance Sheet of Depth Ltd.

Working Notes:-
The percentage increase or decrease is calculated as follows:-
1.) 1,00,000/5,00,000 × 100 = 20.00%
2.) 6,00,000/30,00,000 × 100 = 20.00%

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 18. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss with the help of following information:

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 19. From the following information, prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss:

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 20. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following information:

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 21. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit from the following information:

Point for Students:-
Comparative Statement of profit and loss provides the following information:-
(i) Rate of increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
(ii) Rate of increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
(iii) Rate of increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
(iv) Rate of increase or decrease in net profit.

Question 22. Prepare a comparative Statement of Profit of Varun Ltd. with the help of the following information:

Point for Students:-
Comparative Statement of profit and loss provides the following information:-
(i) Rate of increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
(ii) Rate of increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
(iii) Rate of increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
(iv) Rate of increase or decrease in net profit.

Question 23. From the following data, prepare a Statement of Profit in the comparative form:

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 24. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit with the help of the following information:

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 25. Profit and Loss Statements for the years ended 31st March 2017 and 2016:

Calculate percentage changes from 2016 and 2017.
Solution 25

Point for Students:-
Comparative Statement of profit and loss provides the following information:-
(i) Rate of increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
(ii) Rate of increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
(iii) Rate of increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
(iv) Rate of increase or decrease in net profit.

Question 26. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following:

Interest on investments @ Rs. 2,00,000 and taxes payable @ 50%.
Solution 26

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 27. From the following information, prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss Zee Ltd:

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 28. Prepare a Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss from the following information:

Point for Students:-
Comparative Statement of profit and loss provides the following information:-
(i) Rate of increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
(ii) Rate of increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
(iii) Rate of increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
(iv) Rate of increase or decrease in net profit.

Question 29. From the following Statement of Profit and Loss of Moontrack Ltd., for the years ended 31st March, 2011 and 2012, prepare a ‘Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss.’

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Question 30. From the following Statement of Profit and Loss of Star Ltd., for the years ended 31st March, 2018 and 2017, prepare a ‘Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss.’

Point for Students:-
The comparative benefit and loss statement contains the following information:
i. Increase or decrease in revenue from operations.
ii. Increase or decrease in cost of materials consumed.
iii. Increase or decrease in incomes and expenses.
iv. Increase of decrease in net profit.

Question 31. From the following ‘Statement of Profit and Loss’ of Fenox Ltd., for the years ended 31st March, 2018 and 2017, prepare a ‘Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss.’

Rate of income tax was 40%.
Solution 31

Point for Students:-
In order to estimate the future progress of a firm, it is necessary to look into its past performance. For this purpose, it becomes essential to make comparative study of its financial statements for two or more years.
When financial statements figures for two or more years are placed side-by-side to facilitate comparison, these are called ‘Comparative Financial Statements’.

Also refer to TS Grewal Solutions for Class 12