Please refer to below Exam Question for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources These questions and answers have been prepared by expert Class 10 Science teachers based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 10 Science and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. We have provided Class 10 Science exam questions for all chapters in your textbooks. You will be able to easily learn problems and solutions which are expected to come in the upcoming class tests and exams for standard 10th.

Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science Exam Question

All questions and answers provided below for Exam Question Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources are very important and should be revised daily.

Exam Question Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

ONE MARK QUESTIONS:.

Question: Where are coliform bacteria found in human beings?
Answer:  In the colon (large intestine).

Question: What are coliform bacteria? 
Answer: Coliform bacteria are E. coli bacteria which live on organic matter and also found in human intestine.
Presence of these bacteria indicated contamination of water by disease causing bacteria

Question: Name two ancient water harvesting structures in Maharashtra.
Answer: Bandharas and tals in Maharashtra

Question: Write two methods of waste disposal.
Answer: a. Recycling it as compost and biogas
b. Sending it to landfills

Question: Give one protective function of forest.
Answer: a. Brings rainfall so protects from drought.
b. Protects soil from eroding.

Question: Why management of natural resources should ensure equitable distribution of resources?
Answer: There should be equitable distribution of resources
as resources are limited and demand is more. It will ensure distribution to all and not to only rich and powerful.

Question: Why should biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes be discarded in two separate dustbins?
Answer: Disposal of household waste is carried out in green and blue bins, respectively. It will be very useful in the separate disposal of biodegradable and non¬biodegradable wastes. This will also ensure the application of 3Rs— reduce, reuse and recycle.
Garbage from green bins is sent to compost pits and biogas plants while from blue bins to factories for recycling.
Advantage Segregation of wastes into biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes at the initial stage of disposal saves time and energy.

Question: List two items which can be easily recycled, but we generally throw them in the dustbin.
Answer: Paper, plastic items.

Question: Mention the action taken by Government to save river Ganga.
Answer: An attempt was made to stop Disposal of industrial effluents , activities like bathing, washing, immersion of ashes, etc.
Disposal of untreated sewage was causing harmful effects on health-Spreads water borne diseases, – Consumptions of contaminated fishes hence a multicrore project called Ganga Action Plan was put in place. It was mainly to clean Ganga and stop further pollution.

Question: State one reason for the conservation of forest and wildlife.
Answer: Main reason for conserving forest and wildlife is maintenance of biodiversity and hence ecological balance. Every organism plays a very important part in food chain that is responsible for the survival of other organism.

Question: Name two categories of natural resources.
Answer: Renewable and non-renewable.

Question: How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in the river difficult?
Answer: Acid water lowers the pH of river water making the survival of aquatic life difficult.

Question: What is meant by recycle?
Answer: Converting something not useful/waste to something useful.

Question: Which of the following a renewable resource?
Natural gas, petroleum, ground water, coal.
Answer: Ground water.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

Question: List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the conservation of forests.
Answer: Stakeholders are
a. People living in or around forests who are fully dependent on forests for their life
b. The Forests Department of Government- owners of the land are working to control the resources
from forests
c. The industrialists are using forest produce but not dependent on the forests in any one area.
d. People involved in wildlife and nature conservation.
e. Each of the above groups depends on forests in a different way

Question: What is meant by “sustainable management”? Why is reuse considered better than recycling?
Answer: A type of management which encourages utilization of resources that meet current basic human needs while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations.
Reuse is better than recycling because the process
of recycling uses some energy.

Question: The construction of large dams leads to social and environmental problems. List two problems of each category.
Answer: a. Social problems — they displace large number of peasants and tribals without adequate compensation or rehabilitation.
b. Environmental problems—they contribute
enormously to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.

Question: Why are forests considered biodiversity hotspots? List two ways in which an individual contribute effectively in the management of forests and wildlife.  
                        or
Why are forest termed as “biodiversity hotspots”. List two ways to manage this resource.
Answer: Forests are considered biodiversity hotspots because large number of life forms / range of life forms such as bacteria, fungi, fern, nematodes, insects, birds,
reptiles, mammals, gymnosperms and angiosperms are found there. The main aim of these hotspots is to try and preserve the biodiversity we have inherited.
Two ways —
(i) Not allowing cutting of trees.
(ii) To promote / make people aware about the importance of forests and wild life.
(iii) Not using wildlife products like fur coat or any other named product, (any two).
                  or
Forests are hotspots because they have large number of species of plants and animals.
Two ways in which management of forests and wildlife can be done by Afforestation and Local people should be involved.

Question: What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife.
Answer: Biodiversity meAnswer: large number of life forms / range of life forms (such as bacteria, fungi, fern, nematodes,  insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, gymnosperms and angiosperms)
Advantages of conserving forests and wildlife
a. Bio diversity maintains ecological stability.
b. Forests are very important to maintain water cycle, providing some products and maintaining soil fertility.

Question: What is biodiversity ? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it.
Answer:  Biodiversity – number and range of variety of species of life forms in an area. Effect – loss of diversity may lead to a loss of ecological stability.

Question: List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground.
Answer: Watershed management not only increases the production and income of the watershed community, but also mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.
It develops primary resources of land and water, to produce secondary resources of , plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.

Question: We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the bylanes of our homes. List four ways to make the residents aware that the improper disposal of wastes is harmful to the environment and also for their own health.
Answer: Creating environmental awareness amongst the residents spreading the same in the society can be done by
a. Organizing cleanliness drives.
b. Insisting on segregating garbage in blue and green bins.
c. Reducing the garbage generated from home by reusing and reducing strategy.
d. Organizing programs to tell them about disease spread due to dirty surroundings.

Question: State two main concepts of sustainable development.
Answer: Sustainable development meAnswer: to adopt such meAnswer: of development to fulfil the human needs which can maintain a balance between environment and development and prevent degradation of the environment thereby sustaining the resources for further use. We must increase the vegetation and green grasses patches between the concrete buildings.
We should use environmentally sound technologies which do not pollute the environment.

Question: Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that
you would suggest every family member to save this resource.
Answer: Using water judiciously by—
a. Using mug and bucket instead of shower to take bath or while washing car or floor.
b. Reusing water like after washing vegetables we can use it for watering plants.

Question: List two measures that you would suggest for the better management of water resources.
Answer: a. Rainwater harvesting.
b. Treatment of waste water.
c. Storage of water in large tanks, ponds for use in agriculture and industry, etc.

Question: List four advantage of water stored in the ground as “groundwater”.
                      or
List any four advantages of groundwater over surface water. 
Answer: The advantages of groundwater are
a. It does not evaporate
b. It spreads out to recharge wells, provides moisture to vegetation over a wide area.
c. It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes like stagnant water.
d. It is protected from contamination and pollution by human and animal waste.
e. It provides moisture for vegetation over a large area.

Question: Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two – reuse and recycle – which,in your opinion, is better to practise? Give reason.
Answer: A type of management which encourages utilization of resources that meet current basic human needs while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations.
Reuse is better as it does not consume energy.

Question: What is watershed management? List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in this system. 
Answer: Watershed management emphasises scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water, to produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.
Watershed management not only increases the production and income of the watershed community,
but also mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.

Question: What do the three R’s refer to save the environment?
Which one of these would be the best for environment?
Answer: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
Examples—Switch off the fans and bulbs when not in use,
Reuse of paper, polythene bags, etc., Reduce the wastage of water/paper or any other item (or any other relevant example) 

Question: What is water harvesting? Name some ways followed by local people for it.
Answer: Water harvesting is a technique to collect water from rain in underground or overhead reservoirs so that it can seep down the soil once more to form groundwater in that area rather than running off to water bodies and going to far off places.
It is an age-old technique adopted by local people by making the traditional structures like ponds, tanks, small earthen dams, constructing dykes, sand and limestone reservoirs etc.
The terms used in different states and languages are used for water harvesting structures are a. khadins, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan.
b. Bandharas and tals in Maharashtra

Question: Industrialisation are one of the major causes of deforestation. State two reasons. 
Answer: a. Forests also provide raw material for industries like rubber, wood, timber.
b. They also provide fuel wood, paper, honey, wax,lac, gum, resin, kattha, edible fruits and medicinal plants for industries.

Question: “We need to use fossil fuels judiciously”. Justify the statement.
Answer:  We need to use fossil fuels judiciously because—
a. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. They are depleting at very fast rate.
b. Products of combustion of fossil fuel are CO₂ and CO which are green house gases. They are responsible for greenhouse effect as they trap heat reflected by earth so they cause global warming.
c. Soot and smoke cause air pollution.
d. Gases dissolve in rain water and cause acid rain.

Question: List the products of combustion of fossil fuels. What are their adverse effects on the environment?
Answer: Fossil fuels are used in industries and produce large amount of acidic and greenhouse gases, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon-di-oxide, that are given out dining burning of fossil fuel and contribute towards acid rain formation. Acid rain occur due to air pollution. When oxides of nitrogen and sulphur in air dissolve in rain water, they form nitric acid and sulphuric acid respectively. Rain carrying these acids is called acid rain. Besides corrosion of monuments,it also makes soil acidic thereby declining the soil productivity.

Question: Write the harmful effects of using plastic bags, on the environment. Suggest alternatives to plastic bags.
Answer: Harmful effects of using plastic bags
a. Plastic bags persist in environment without getting degraded.
b. They block water drains and clogging stagnates dirty water serving as breeding ground of mosquitoes.
c. Burning plastic pollutes air.
Alternatives to plastic bags
a. Reuse of things such as poly-bags, etc.
b. Recycle of waste
c. Use of cotton jute bags for carrying vegetables etc.

Question: Local people around forests are referred to as “stakeholders” for conservation of forests. Give reasons. 
Answer: Stakeholders are people who have some sort of interest in the forests.
a. Forests serve as a source of income to tribal societies even today. In turn they look after the plants and animals living in the forests.
b. Local people around forests People living in or around forests who are fully dependent on forests for their life.
(1) Use of bamboo to make huts
(2) Use of baskets for collecting and storing food materials
(3) Use of wood to make implements for agriculture, fishing and hunting
(4) Do fishing and hunting in forest
(5) Gather fruits, nuts and medicines from forests
(6) Graze cattle in forests
These people lived in forests for centuries and ensured sustainable use of resources.

Question: What are fossil fuels? Give two examples of fossil fuels.
Answer: The fossils fuels are the fuels formed when plants and animal get buried under
a. Soil and do not get decompose much due to lack of oxygen.
b. Coal and petroleum

Question: As an individual how can you contribute or make a difference to the management of resources to use them in a sustainable manner.
Answer: As an individual I can contribute or make a difference to the management of resources to use them in a sustainable manner in the following manner 
a. using paper on both side.
b. using a jute bag instead of plastic or polythene bag.
c. Throwing organic and recyclable waste in separate bins.
d. Growing more plants.

Question: (a) Why are coal and petroleum called fossil fuels?
(b) Name any two elements present in fossil fuels in addition in carbon. 
Answer: (a) Because they form when plants and animal get buried under soil and do not get decomposed much due to lack of oxygen.
(b) Nitrogen and sulphur.

Question: What is Sustainable management? Which strategy is better – reuse or recycle for attaining sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development means to adopt such me Answer: of development to fulfill the human needs which can maintain a balance between environment and development and prevent degradation of the environment thereby sustaining the resources for further use. We must increase in vegetation and green grasses patches between the concrete buildings. We should use environmentally sound technologies which do not pollute the environment.
Reuse is better than recycling as it does not require energy.

Question: List two measures for better management of water resources.
Answer: Two measures for better management of water resources
a. water harvesting
b. reducing the use
c. reusing (any two)

Question: What is wildlife? How is it preserved? Why is it important to preserve it?
Answer: Wild life meAnswer: our flora and fauna. Its biodiversity
i.e., various species of plants and animals should be preserved in botanical gardens, national parks, zoological parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Wild life is important
a. to preserve bio-diversity.
b. Each species has a position in the food chain so wildlife helps in balancing the nature.

Question: List any four methods of conserving fossil fuels.
Answer: a. Using solar cooker
b. Use of pressure cooker
c. Using public trAnswer:port
d. Using CFL
e. Avoid using lift or AC
f. Switching off engine at traffic light.

Question: In what way watershed management is useful for the community? 
                        or
Explain two main advantages associated with water harvesting at community level. 
Answer: Watershed management
a. increases the production and income of the watershed community,
b. mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question: (a) Water is an elixir of life, a very important natural resource. Your science teacher wants you to prepare a plan for your formative assessment, how
to save water- a vital natural resource”. Write two ways that you will suggest to bring awareness in your neighbourhood, on how to save water.
(b) Name and explain one-way by which underground water table does not go down further.
Answer: (a) (1) will arrange guest speaker program, poster making competition and make everyone aware of the reducing water resources for us.
(2) I will make models on water harvesting and through exhibits teach people in neighbourhood the technique to collect  water from rain in underground or overhead reservoirs so that it can seep down the soil once more to form groundwater in that area rather than running off to water bodies and going to far off places.
(b) Water harvesting is an age old technique adopted by local people by making the traditional structures like ponds, tanks, small earthen dams,constructing dykes, sand and limestone reservoirs etc.

Question: What is a dam? Why do we seek to build large dams?
While building large dams, which three main problems should particularly be addressed to maintain peace among local people? Mention them.
Answer: Dams are large structure built across rivers to obstruct the water. Large dam ensure adequate amount of water stored for irrigation and to produce hydroelectricity.
Ill planned dams cause following problems
a. social problems because they displace large number of peasants and tribals without adequate compensation or rehabilitation.
b. Economic problems because they swallow up huge amount of public money without generation of proportionate benefits
c. Environmental problems because they contribute enormously to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.

Question: (a) What is meant by fossil fuel?
(b) Which fossil fuel is usually conserved when we save on electricity?
(c) At the present rate of consumption how long will the known reserves of coal and petroleum last?
Answer: (a) The fossils fuels are the fuels formed when plants and animal get buried under soil and do not get decompose much due to lack of oxygen.
(b) Coal.
(c) Not too long. The estimated coal reserves are said to be enough to last us for another two hundred years.