Please refer to below Exam Question for Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities. These questions and answers have been prepared by expert Class 12 Geography teachers based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. We have provided Class 12 Geography exam questions for all chapters in your textbooks. You will be able to easily learn problems and solutions which are expected to come in the upcoming class tests and exams for standard 10th.

Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Class 12 Geography Exam Question

All questions and answers provided below for Exam Question Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities are very important and should be revised daily.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. ‘‘Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in several countries.’’Analyse the statement with three suitable examples.
Ans Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centres in India, China, Eastern Europe,Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica. It has created new jobs in these countries. This can be explained through following examples
(i) The Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO) industry involves highly skilled workers that are available in the developing countries at lower wages.
(ii) It employs skilled IT staff with good communication skills which is available in developing countries at lower wages as compared to developed countries.
(iii) Data processing is another IT related service that employs large number of people in Asian countries.

Question. What are the two factors affecting tourism in the world? Explain each factor with example.
Answer. The two factors affecting tourism in the world are
(i) Demand It is the prime factor affecting tourism. For last few centuries, the demand for recreational and entertainment related activities have increased significantly. The standard of living of people is improving and they need more leisure time due to nature of their work. Thus, demand for tourism is increasing.
(ii) Transport The development in transport sector increases the demand for tourism. The easy accessibility to tourist locations and places encourages people to move or visit there. The expansion of air and rail network in the last decade has influenced tourism in increasing the number of tourists. Apart from this, the improvement in infrastructure at tourist spots has also increased the demand for tourism.

Question. How does the climate of a region attract tourists? Explain with examples from different regions of the world.
Ans The climatic conditions of any region attracts tourists in the following ways
– People from colder places seek to visit warm places, e.g. the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature, sunny days and less rainfall attract tourists from Europe.
– People from warmer regions like to visit colder places, tourists from Northern plains of India prefer to go to tourist places located in the Himalayan region or other hill stations.
– Climatic conditions of a region also provide some adventurous activities to do and attract tourists, e.g. ice skating and skiing in snowy regions, sea surfing on beaches, etc.

Question. What kind of functions are performed by people involved in quinary activities?
Answer. The functions performed by people involved in quinary activities are
– They are at the highest level of decision-making and policy-making.
– They focus upon creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas, data interpretation and use and evaluation of new technologies.
– These people perform ‘gold collar’ professions,representing special and highly paid skills of senior business executives, government officials, research scientists, financial and legal consultants etc.

Question. Discuss tourism as an important tertiary activity.
Answer. Tourism is an important tertiary activity as
– It is the largest sector of tertiary activities in terms of providing employment.
– It generates the largest revenue among tertiary activities in the world. Around 40 per cent of the world’s total GDP is generated by tourism sector.
– Tourism not only boosts the infrastructure, but also the local as well as global economy. It provides base for making a living for many people residing adjacent to tourist places.
– Local people are employed to provide variety of services like accommodation, food, transport, special shops and entertainment.
– It enhances the growth of retail trading, art and craft business or industries.

Question. Define the term outsourcing. What are the consequences of outsourcing?
Answer. Outsourcing or contracting out is giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and to reduce costs. Business activities that are outsourced includes IT,human resources, customer support and call centre services. At times it includes manufacturing and engineering.
The consequences of outsourcing are
– It resulted in opening up of a large number of support call centres in India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel,Philippines and Costa Rica. Thus, it helps to create new jobs.
– It has helped in reducing migration in the out-migrating countries which have abundant cheap and skilled workers.
– Due to this, outsourcing countries are facing resistance from job-seeking youths in their respective countries.

Question. What is telecommunication? Why is it important?
Answer. Telecommunication is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic meAnswer.
Importance of telecommunication is
– Modern technology has changed the old pattern of communication. It has made communication independent of transport.
– The use of mobile phones and internet has brought a revolution in modern communication.
– It has reduced the speed with which messages are sent to destination. It has reduced the communication time from weeks to minutes.
– It has made the communication direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere irrespective of location.
– It is now easier to cater to a wide range of audience across the world through radio, television or internet.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. “The modern economic development in the world is mainly the result of development of quarternary service. Explain with suitable examples.
Answer. The modern economic development in the world is truly the result of the development of quarternary services because this sector is involved in research, development and consists of specialised skills and technical knowledge which provides a strong base to modern economic development in the world. For example,
– Over 50% of all the workers are involved in the quarternary sector in the developed economies. They contribute the highest in development of these economies.
– The quarternary and tertiary sector together have now replaced the primary and secondary sectors as the base of economic growth in many countries.
– There has been very high growth in demand and consumption of information and knowledge based quarternary services. These include managers, consultants, software developers etc.
– The quarternary services are not bound with any type of resources that are affected by the environment or the market. Hence, these grow at a faster rate than the other
sectors.
– These services can be outsourced. This has resulted in its rapid growth beyond the national boundaries to international regions. It has made their operations profitable.

Question. What is tourism? Analyse any four tourist attractions in the world. 
or Define the term tourism. Explain any four factors which attract tourists in the world. 
Answer. Tourism is defined as travel which is done for the purpose of recreation rather than tourism. It provides opportunities for growth of infrastructure industries,retail trading and craft industries.
Four factors that attract tourists in the world are
(i) Climate The climatic conditions of many regions decides the demand for tourism. People from colder regions visit those places where climate is warm and sunny. People going for winter holidays have specific requirements such as higher temperatures than their homeland or high snow cover for winter sports like skiing. Tourism flourished in mediterranean region due to climatic factors.
(ii) Landscape and Scenic Beauty People visit those areas that are famous for their scenic beauty and picturersque landscape. These areas includes mountain regions, lakes, sea coasts, grasslands, hills etc. Tourism in Himalayan states has flourished due to its landscape.
(iii) History and Art People visit those areas which are famous for their art and history. These areas have higher historical significance and are known for their art forms. These include ancient towns,castles, palaces, churches, battlefields, excavation sites etc.
(iv) Culture and Economy People who take interest in art and culture are attracted most towards such places having diverse traditions and customs.
Cheaper places which are pocket friendly also attract tourists from all over the world.

Question. How can you say that different marketing centres try to provide services by targeting different markets?
Answer. There are three types of trading centres or marketing centres which provide different services to target their markets in the following ways
(i) Rural Marketing Centres These centres cater to nearby settlements. These are quasi-urban centres.
Here, personal and professional services are not well-developed. These are in the form of local collecting and distribution centres. Most of these have mandis (wholesale markets) and also retailing areas.They are significant centres for making available goods and services which are most frequently demanded by rural people.
(ii) Periodic Markets These markets are found where there are no regular markets and local periodic markets are organised at different temporal intervals.
These may be weekly, bi-weekly markets from where people from the surrounding areas meet their temporally accumulated demand. These markets are held on specific days and move from one place to another. The shopkeepers thus, remain busy on all the days while a large area is served by them.
(iii) Urban Marketing Centres These have more widely specialised urban services. They provide ordinary goods and services as well as many of the specialised goods and services required by people. Urban centres, therefore, offer manufactured goods, as well as many specialised markets develop. For example, markets for labour, housing and semi or finished products. Different services are also available in these markets like services of educational institutions such as teachers, lawyers, consultants, physicians, dentists and veterinary doctors, etc.