SECTION-A
(Very Short Answer Questions) 

1. Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement? 
Answer : In February 1922, at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police. In this incident, several British police officers were killed. Hearing of this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement. He felt that the movement was turning violent in many places which he never approved in any circumstances and Satyagrahi needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles.

2. What is communication? Name its two types. 
Answer : Communication refers to exchange of ideas, messages, emotions, either written or oral, from one place to another.
There are two ways of communication personal communication and mass communication.

3. Describe the sources of inspiration of BJP, INC and BSP. 
Answer : BJP draws inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values.
INC draws inspiration from secularism. BSP draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar.

4. Classify industries according to their main role. How are they different from each other? 
Answer : According to their main role, industries are of two types:
(i) Basic or Key: Industries which supply their raw materials to manufacture other goods.
Example: Iron and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
(ii) Consumer: Industries produce goods for direct use by consumers.
Example: Sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, etc.

5. Read the data in table given below and answer the questions that follow: (Image 12)

5.1 What documents were given to the bank by Megha for loan?
Answer :Megha submitted documents showing her employment records and salary before the bank and bank agreed to give her loan.

5.2 What is collateral? 
Answer : Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicle, livestocks, deposits with banks) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

SECTION-B
(Short Answer Type Questions) 

6. Why are transactions made in money? Explain with suitable examples. 
Answer : Money can easily exchange it for good and services. The modern forms of currency like notes (or rupees), cheques or drafts are merely papers which are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the central government.
Everyone prefers to receive payments in money and then exchange the money for things they want. For example, take the case of a blacksmith. He wants to sell tools in the market and buy rice. The blacksmith will first exchange tools that he has produced for money and then exchange the money for rice.
The transactions are made in money because a person holding money can easily exchange it for any commodity or service that he or she wants.

OR

What are the functions of the Self-Help Groups?
Answer : Functions of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are:
SHGs are becoming popular for the following reasons:
(i) They help borrowers overcome the problem of lack of collateral.
(ii) They can get timely loans for variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.
(iii) They are building blocks of the organisation of the rural poor.
(iv) It helps women to become self-reliant.
(v) The regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on various social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence,

7. Name the three main ‘Satyagraha Movement’ organised by Mahatma Gandhi successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917. 3
Answer : (i) Champaran: In 1917, he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the exploitative plantation system.
(ii) Kheda: In 1917, he organised a Satyagraha Movement in support of the Kheda peasants in Gujarat. These peasants were very much worried due to crop failure and a plague epidemic. Since they could not pay the revenue, they demanded relaxation in revenue collection.
(iii) Ahmedabad: In 1918, he went to Ahmedabad to organise Satyagraha movement among the workers of cotton mills.

8. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political parties all over the world.” Analyse the statement.
Answer : All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or a few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly. Ordinary members of the party do nota get sufficient information on what happens inside the party. They do not have the means or the concessions needed to influence the decisions. As a result the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party. Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important.

SECTION-C
(Long Answer Type Questions)

9. Economic development of a country depends on which factors and what is the role of democracy in it? 
Answer : In the matters of economic development, all the democracies did not get equally developed because of various factors like; population, lack of basic infrastructure, etc. Between 1950 and 2000, dictatorships have slightly higher rate of economic growth. The difference in the rates of economic development between less developed countries with dictatorships and democracies is negligible. Overall, democracy is not a guarantee of economic development.
Economic development depends on several factors:
(i) Country’s population size
(ii) Global situation
(iii) Cooperation from other countries
(iv) Economic priorities adopted by the country. Democracy does not appear to be successful in reducing economic inequalities. A small number of ultra rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and income. Their share in total income is increasing. People at the bottom of society have very little to depend on.

OR

Explain how democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens.
Answer : No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups. But we can certainly learn to respect these differences, and we can also evolve mechanisms to negotiate the differences. Democracy is best suited to produce this outcome. Nondemocratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences.
Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.
Democracy continues to be democracy as long as all citizens have a chance to be part of the majority at any point of time. If someone is debarred from being part of majority on the basis of birth then democracy is said to be concentrated in few hands. Example of Sri Lanka reminds us that a democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome:
(i) It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that government can function to represent the opinion of common people.
(ii) The rule of majority does not become the rule by majority on the basis of religion or race or linguistic group, etc. Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups may form a majority.

10. Explain both positive and negative impact of globalisation on India. 5
Answer : Globalisation has positive as well as negative impacts on our country’s development.
Positive impact of globalisation on India–
(i) Availability of variety of products which enabled the consumers to have greater choice and enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. This led to higher standard of living.
(ii) Increase in foreign direct investment.
(iii) Top Indian companies have been benefited by investing in new technology and production methods along with successful collaborations with foreign companies.
(iv) Globalisation has enabled some large Indian company to emerge as multinationals themselves. For example, Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy etc.
(v) Enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals.
(vi) Created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT.
Negative impact of globalisation on India–
(i) Small producers failed to compete and got perished. Rising competition has led to shutting down of many units. Many workers became jobless. For instance, batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, dairy products and vegetable oils are the examples of the industries which have been hit hard due to tough competition.
(ii) Globalisation and pressure of competition have substantially changed the lives of workers. Faced with growing competition most employers these days prefer to employ workers ‘flexibly’. This means that workers’ jobs are no longer secure.

OR

‘Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the globalisation process. Explain.
Answer : Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the globalisation process. For instance, the past fifty years have seen several improvements in transportation technology. This has made much faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at lower costs.
Even more remarkable have been the developments in information and communication technology. In the recent times, technology in the areas of telecommunication, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly.
Telecommunication facilities (Telephones, mobile phones, fax, etc.) are used to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. This has been facilitated by satellite communication devices. Computers have now entered almost every field of activity. Internet allows us to send instant electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice mail) across the world at negligible costs.
We can place order for a variety of things through the phone or the internet, and goods are delivered at your home.

SECTION-D
(Case Based Questions)

11. Read the given text and answer the following questions:
‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active… ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction… In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. ‘ Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. …Non-violence is the supreme dharma… ‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own…’

11.1 What describe the term Satyagrahi? Who started the idea of Satyagraha?
Answer : Passive resistance describe the term Satyagrahi. Mahatma Gandhi started the idea of Satyagraha.

11.2 What is the motive behind the passive resistance?
Answer : Motive behind the passive resistance are is not a physical force and non-violence is the supreme dharma.
A Satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary.

11.3 What are the concept of Satyagraha? 
Answer : The concept of Satyagraha:
(i) It emphasises the power of truth and the need to search of truth.
(ii) It the struggle is against injustice then physical force is not necessary to fight.

12. Read the given text and answer the following questions:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

12.1 How does manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture? 
Answer : Manufacturing industries provides modern tools, machines, HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. to agriculture and thus making agriculture modern.

12.2 Infer the importance of the manufacturing industries. 
Answer : Manufacturing industries are the backbone of our economy. It provides modern tools and machines to all the other industries and thus helping in increasing the production and making the production process easy.

12.3 How does the manufacturing industries bring down the regional disparity?
Answer : Regional disparity simply means difference between two regions which may be in any terms. The tribal and the backward areas of India are far away from development process in comparison to the other areas of the country. If we set up the modern industries in these tribal and backward areas there people of that area will get employment, their income will rise and there would be reduction in poverty in such areas.

SECTION-E
(Map Skill Based Question)

13. 13.1 On the given outline Political Map of India, identify the place marked as A with the help of following information and write its correct name on the line marked near it.
(A) The place where Peasant’s Satyagraha took place. 
13.2 On the same map of India, locate the following:
I. Kakrapara Nuclear Power Plant 

OR

Bokaro Iron and Steel Plant
II. Meenambakkam International Airport, Chennai
Answer :